Dissertation timetable
Remember that writing takes time. In this phase, you will begin your research and writing. During this phase you will begin submitting first drafts of key chapters to your first reader, and ideally, to your second and third reader as well. It need come as no surprise that you’re expected to write a dissertation as part of your course having been given all the information about your course when you first started. Writing a dissertation is likely to be the biggest. When they have approved it, you must get approval from the program director before the abstract can be submitted to GRS.
Therefore, it is wise to submit the abstract seven weeks before the planned hearing, so that you can deal with delays. If you are not in that department, then you. Unless you are working under very special circumstances, you cannot expect your readers to devote their winter break to your dissertation. To give a guide, an example timetable is shown below for a full time student undertaking a project which involves analysing an existing dataset. You can help yourself by building enough time into your dissertation timetable to
allow for mini disasters and keeping ahead of the game so that any crises don’t . •Handing in the final revised dissertation We’ll start from about April 15 in the year you wish to graduate, assuming a May graduation.
Finding your dissertation focus can be the hardest part of the initial process, but you can make it a little easier by beginning your doctoral program with the end result in mind. You may find the following tips helpful: It is best to start with the end date (i. In this phase, you will choose a first reader, discuss your ideas for the dissertation with that reader, and submit a draft of the dissertation prospectus (or proposal) to that person for discussion. This means that you may have to begin your writing earlier than June. Moreover, you may be required to return for meetings before the final hearing.
Note that this is almost four months before commencement. Find the examples of dissertation timetable to get an idea of. •Your actual timeline, then, will be uniquely determined by your circumstances. This means that you should be handing all five readers your penultimate draft (NOT your first draft) on February 1st or so. Use this schedule template to help you to plan your dissertation writing process.
Approach several potential supervisors and discuss your ideas. When you have a full penultimate draft, the product of comments from your first three readers and your responses to those, you will submit the dissertation draft to the entire five-person committee for their review before the dissertation defense. •Writing first drafts of chapters What has gone on in the months before you complete your full first draft. Please follow your department’s guidelines and only use the materials offered here to supplement these. Explore why it is important to set a time table for yourself to complete a good
dissertation on time.
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There are several parts; cover page, table of contents, abstract, introduction, literature review, methodology, data and analysis, results and discussion, conclusion and bibliography page. On your calendar, block out a few weeks to allow professors adequate time to respond to your request. They are not meant to serve as realistic working deadlines. This must be approved by the first reader and the program director, and is then submitted to the Dean of the Graduate School.
Sometimes you find your careful plans for managing your dissertation going pear-shaped. In the majority of cases in our experience, the dissertation is likely never to be finished. Also take off the hours a week you spend doing paid part-time work. •Your actual timeline, then, will be uniquely determined by your circumstances. During this phase you will begin submitting first drafts of key chapters to your first reader, and ideally, to your second and third reader as well.
There are several parts; cover page, table of contents, abstract, introduction, literature review, methodology, data and analysis, results and discussion, conclusion and bibliography page. The best way of managing your time is by having a timeline. Your schedule should be designed to fit in with the university timetable/academic year and should take account of any deadlines set by your department. Take out a few weeks for sickness, holidays and trips to the pub, and you have about six months. REPORT OF PROGRESS & TIMETABLE FOR COMPLETION OF THE. After the three main readers of your dissertation agree that the dissertation is ready to be defended, you must compose the 350 word abstract.
Then we must ask how long it will take you to incorporate changes to this first complete draft. After you have identified your topic, it is time to choose your committee. How did we come up with such a radically different timeline. We have laid out in this document the bare essentials for students in our doctoral degree program. You probably start the academic year sometime between the middle of September and the middle of October, and you have to submit your finished dissertation (polished and perfect, completed and bound) in the following May or June.
Make time to rehearse answers to questions that your committee may ask you about your plan. If you are not in that department, then you. You will notice that our “realistic” date for the prospectus hearing diverges from the GRS deadline by more than a year. Commonly, committee members request changes that require at least two weeks of full time writing and editing. •Writing first drafts of chapters What has gone on in the months before you complete your full first draft. Explore why it is important to set a time table for yourself to complete a good
dissertation on time.Before you can start your dissertation, you have to justify to your committee the need for research on your topic
You are responsible for finding a date that all five members of your committee can attend, so it is wise to begin to schedule the hearing (and give the penultimate draft of the dissertation to the entire committee) at least six weeks before you intend to have the final hearing. It is better to have a draft that you can change than nothing – and don’t be afraid to change your mind, especially if an unrealistic plan is preventing progress. A way of working out what is best for you is to think about how you like taking notes – straight prose, lists and numbered information, or using more organic lists with coloured diagrams, linked together with arrows. The following advice was written by the Department of Politics specifically for their students. For some programs, however, the prospectus is a shorter paper that argues the need for research on the topic. Rather scarily, your ‘year’ may seem a lot less time than it first appeared.
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Voice:
Use active constructions. To “show” something, you need to provide a formal proof. The term “knowledge” implies that the facts have been analyzed, condensed, or combined with facts from other experiments to produce useful information. Suggested Order For Writing:
The easiest way to build a dissertation is inside-out. Use “incorrect/correct” to refer to factual correctness or errors. Abstract: A short (few paragraphs) summary of the the dissertation. Cause and Effect:
A dissertation must carefully separate cause-effect relationships from simple statistical correlations. Define each technical term, even if you use it in a conventional manner. The first person has no place in a formal dissertation. Thesis is nothing but the transference of bones from one graveyard to another. “we” as in “we see that”. A trap to avoid. After great pain, a formal feeling comes. “seems”, “seemingly”, It doesn’t matter how something appears; “would seem to show” all that matters are the facts. For example, say “The system writes a page to the disk and then uses the frame. Be Careful When Using “few, most, all, any, every”. P=2627
A translation of this essay in German can be found. means that there may be 1 compiler, 2 compilers, or N compilers. Reason: “this” can refer to the subject of the previous sentence, the entire previous sentence, the entire previous paragraph, the entire previous section, etc. — Samuel Johnson
Keep right on to the end of the road. Computer programs don’t hope, not unless they implement AI systems. Chapter 4: Experimental Measurements Describe the results of experiments that provide evidence in support of your thesis. ” means a single compiler exists that handles all the languages, while the sentence “For each of the N languages, there is a compiler that translates. By the way, if you are writing an AI thesis, talk to someone else: AI people have their own system of rules. Definitions And Terminology:
Each technical term used in a dissertation must be defined either by a reference to a previously published definition (for standard terms with their usual meaning) or by a precise, unambiguous definition that appears before the term is used (for a new term or a standard term used in an unusual way). , running a set of several programs many times, each when the computer is otherwise idle). After reading the middle chapters to verify terminology, write the conclusions. For example “Johnson and Smith [J&S90] reports that. Make it readable by anyone. Focus On Results And Not The People/Circumstances In Which They Were Obtained:
“After working eight hours in the lab that night, we realized. Common examples include: an algorithm and a particular program that implements it, a programming language and a compiler, a general abstraction and its particular implementation in a computer system, a data structure and a particular instance of it in memory. ” has no place in the dissertation. If a sentence says “Most computer systems contain X”, you must be able to defend it. Chapter 2: Definitions New terms only. ” the reader can assume “this” refers to Y or to the fact that X does it. Quite the contrary, a clear presentation always exposes weaknesses. The system dynamically creates an address space when a program needs one, and destroys an address space when the program that created the space has finished using it. ” or “Johnson and Smith [J&S 90] presents evidence that. All scientists need to communicate discoveries; the PhD dissertation provides training for communication with other scientists. Instance:
A reader can become confused when a concept and an instance of it are blurred. In particular, a scientist never assumes that commercial success is a valid measure of merit (many popular products are neither well-designed nor well-engineered). ” Even if you were, so what.
A Rule Of Thumb:
Good writing is essential in a dissertation. ” jokes or puns They have no place in a formal document. However, if a VM system executes so long that it exhausts all possible address space identifiers, it must reuse a number. Data
The facts that result from an experiment are called “data”. Each term should be used in one and only one way throughout the dissertation. In general, one should avoid all qualitative judgements. “we were surprised to learn. Saying “Programs must make procedure calls using the X instruction” is not the same as saying “Programs must use the X instruction when they call a procedure. Unfortunately the rules are more difficult to follow when the language of discourse is English instead of mathematical symbols. The easiest way to avoid a long series of definitions is to include a statement: “the terminology used throughout this document follows that given in [CITATION]. For example, if programs run much slower on computer A than on computer B, one cannot conclude that the processor in A is slower than the processor in B unless one has ruled out all differences in the computers’ operating systems, input or output devices, memory size, memory cache, or internal bus bandwidth. ” Put an acknowledgement to Jim in the dissertation, but do not include names (even your own) in the main body. ”
Define Negation Early:
Example: say “no data block waits on the output queue” instead of “a data block awaiting output is not on the queue. , maybe the people working in professor X’s lab are working on applications that require more memory than the applications in professor Y’s lab). ”
Grammar And Logic:
Be careful that the subject of each sentence really does what the verb says it does. A scientist must remain objective about the merits of an idea independent of its commercial popularity. “proof”, “prove” Would a mathematician agree that it’s a proof. ” In fact, the first is patently false. Terminology For Concepts And Abstractions
When defining the terminology for a concept, be careful to decide precisely how the idea translates to an implementation. “due to” colloquial “probably” only if you know the statistical probability (if you do, state it quantatively “obviously, clearly” be careful: obvious/clear to everyone. For example, say “the operating system starts the device” instead of “the device is started by the operating system. Instead, you need to practice, practice, practice. — Emily Dickinson
A man may write at any time, if he will set himself doggedly to it. ” instead of “The system will use the frame after it wrote the page to disk. “today”, “modern times” Today is tomorrow’s yesterday. ” Avoid the phrase “the authors claim that X”. For example, even if all computer programs written in Professor X’s lab require more memory than the computer programs written in Professor Y’s lab, it may not have anything to do with the professors or the lab or the programmers (e. ” “Although the technique in the next section is not earthshaking. P=651
A translation of this essay in French can be found in fact, one must still refrain from judgement unless one has the results from a controlled experiment (e. Thus, statements such as “over four hundred vendors make products using technique Y” are irrelevant in a dissertation. One must assess the idea independent of the source. It should provide an answer to the question posed in the introduction at a conceptual level. You may be tempted to document a long series of experiments that produced nothing or a coincidence that resulted in success. Review later chapters to verify that each use of a technical term adheres to its definition. “bad”, “good”, “nice”, “terrible”, “stupid” A scientific dissertation does not make moral judgements. Use precise words or phrases to assess quality (e. Begin by writing the chapters that describe your research (3, 4, and 5 in the above outline). , “method A requires less computation than method B”). — Harry Lauder
The average Ph. Conceptually, one understands that each new address space should have a new identifier. If one absolutely must reference a paper instead of a result, say “the paper states that. Chapter 3: Conceptual Model Describe the central concept underlying your work. “show” Used in the sense of “prove”. A quantative statement is preferable. Make the definitions precise, concise, and unambiguous. , “if that cat had not crawled through the hole in the floor, we might not have discovered the power supply error indicator on the network bridge”). If they don’t mean anything to you now, revisit them after you finish writing a dissertation. More important, it can be interpreted in the concrete sense or in the meta-sense. More important and often overlooked, it does not matter whether an idea originated with a scientist who has already won a Nobel prize or a first-year graduate student. Consider the following discussion: VM systems include a concept known as an address space. Canonical Organization:
In general, every dissertation must define the problem that motivated the research, tell why that problem is important, tell what others have done, describe the new contribution, document the experiments that validate the contribution, and draw conclusions. Usually experiments either emphasize proof-of-concept (demonstrating the viability of a method/technique) or efficiency (demonstrating that a method/technique provides better performance than those that exist). Are you sure you really know the facts. In fact, such statements prejudice the reader. The use of “claim” casts doubt on “X” because it references the authors’ thoughts instead of the facts. For example, one could say, “Writers abuse adverbs. “true”, “pure”, In the sense of “good” (it is judgemental). , informal definitions) of terms provided they are defined more precisely later. If necessary, add another chapter to give additional reasoning about the problem or its solution. A VM system uses a small, finite number to identify each address space. If self-reference is essential, phrase it as “Section 10 describes. ”
Tense:
Write in the present tense. Drawing Only Warranted Conclusions:
One must be careful to only draw conclusions that the evidence supports. How many computers were built and sold yesterday. ” Then, only define exceptions. However, novices writing a dissertation in the experimental areas of CS may find the following example a good starting point:
Chapter 1: Introduction An overview of the problem; why it is important; a summary of extant work and a statement of your hypothesis or specific question to be explored. When written using mathematical symbols, the difference are obvious because “for all” and “there exists” are reversed.
Terms And Phrases To Avoid:
adverbs Mostly, they are very often overly used. Make it a “theme” that ties together all your arguments. Summary: stick to the plain facts. The introductory chapter can give the intuition (i. Another example: “RPC requires programs to transmit large packets” is not the same as “RPC requires a mechanism that allows programs to transmit large packets. Avoid Self-Assessment (both praise and criticism):
Both of the following examples are incorrect: “The method outlined in Section 2 represents a major breakthrough in the design of distributed systems because. Thus, one uses a singular verb to refer to a paper even though it has multiple authors. It doesn’t matter when you realized it or how long you worked to obtain the answer. “can/may” Your mother probably told you the difference. “an ideal solution” You’re judging again. Dobie
Translations:
A translation of this essay in Czech can be found at Collect terms as they arise and keep a definition for each. Commerce and Science:
In a scientific dissertation, one never draws conclusions about the economic viability or commercial success of an idea/method, nor does one speculate about the history of development or origins of an idea. In particular, do not document seemingly mystical influences (e. Even if the cause of some phenomenon seems obvious, one cannot draw a conclusion without solid, supporting evidence. ” It doesn’t matter who said it or who did it. Writing a dissertation requires a student to think deeply, to organize technical discussion, to muster arguments that will convince other scientists, and to follow rules for rigorous, formal presentation of the arguments and discussion. Describe the results without dwelling on your reactions or events that helped you achieve them. Another example: “Jim and I arrived at the numbers shown in Table 3 by measuring. Politics And Science:
A scientist avoids all political influence when assessing ideas. ” All computer scientists should know the rules of logic. Never attribute such events to mystical causes or imply that strange forces may have affected your results. “in terms of” usually vague “based on”, “X-based”, “as the basis of” careful; can be vague “different” Does not mean “various”; different than what. Chapter 6: Conclusions Summarize what was learned and how it can be applied. Chapter 5: Corollaries And Consequences Describe variations, extensions, or other applications of the central idea. No one ever learned to write by reading essays like this. Make the definitions precise and formal. There is no canonical organization for a dissertation; each is unique. If you agree “X” is correct, simply state “X” followed by a reference. If one expects to discuss the differences between a concept and its implementation, the definitions must allow such a distinction. “simple”. Can have a negative connotation, as in “simpleton” “along with” Just use “with” “actually, really” define terms precisely to eliminate the need to clarify “the fact that” makes it a meta-sentence; rephrase “this”, “that” As in “This causes concern. Reason: almost any sentence can be written to begin with “we” because “we” can refer to: the reader and author, the author and advisor, the author and research team, experimental computer scientists, the entire computer science community, the science community, or some other unspecified group. Key To Success:
By the way, there is a key to success: practice. ”), the phrase is weak and often ambiguous. For example, the sentence “There is a compiler that translates the N languages by. However, good writing cannot compensate for a paucity of ideas or concepts. Describe the problem and the research approach. “in light of” colloquial “lots of” vague & colloquial “kind of” vague & colloquial “type of” vague & colloquial “something like” vague & colloquial “just about” vague & colloquial “number of” vague; do you mean “some”, “many”, or “most”. Mention the possibilities for future research. The important point is that the discussion only makes sense because it defines “address space” independently from “address space identifier”. ” The second person has no place in a formal dissertation. ”
References To Extant Work:
One always cites papers, not authors. Obviously, it should not matter whether government bodies, political parties, religious groups, or other organizations endorse an idea. For example, in: “X does Y. Organize the definitions into a separate chapter. Parting thoughts:
We leave you with the following ideas to mull over.
The acknowledgements page is required for all theses and dissertations. It
follows the approval page, unless you have included the optional dedication
page, .
The acknowledgments is a paragraph which thanks everyone who has helped
you whilst you have been researching and writing your dissertation.
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